What does the term 'syntax' refer to in programming?

The term 'syntax' in programming refers specifically to the set of rules that defines the structure of correctly formed code. Just as grammar dictates how words can be arranged and combined to form coherent sentences in a language, syntax provides the framework for how commands, expressions, and other elements can be structured in programming languages. Adhering to these rules is essential for the code to be understood by the compiler or interpreter, enabling the program to run as intended.

For instance, if a programming language requires a certain order for a function's arguments or specific symbols to denote operations, violating these rules will lead to syntax errors. Understanding syntax is crucial for writing effective and executable code, which is why it is a foundational concept in programming education.