What does 'iteration' refer to in programming?

Iteration in programming refers to the process of repeatedly executing a specific set of instructions or a block of code until a certain condition is met. This concept is fundamental in programming as it allows developers to efficiently execute tasks that require repetition, such as processing items in a list or performing operations multiple times based on dynamic conditions.

Programming languages commonly provide various constructs for implementing iteration, such as loops (for, while, do-while). These constructs help manage the flow of control based on defined criteria, enhancing the efficiency and readability of the code.

The importance of understanding iteration lies in its widespread application in algorithms, such as sorting and searching, where repeated actions are necessary to achieve the desired outcome. Through iteration, programmers can minimize code redundancy and create more maintainable code.